Reference Library

Published Research

Peer-reviewed literature on the compounds in our catalog, linked to PubMed.

For informational reference only. All Dr. Peptide Labs products are sold strictly for laboratory research and identification use — not for human or animal use. The studies below were conducted by independent researchers on the named compounds; they are not studies of our products, and their inclusion makes no claim about product effects. Summaries are descriptive only.

5-Amino-1MQ

  1. Selective and membrane-permeable small molecule inhibitors of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase reverse high fat diet-induced obesity in mice
    Biochemical Pharmacology, 2018
    Characterized small-molecule NNMT inhibitors in diet-induced obese mice.
  2. Small molecule nicotinamide N-methyltransferase inhibitor activates senescent muscle stem cells and improves regenerative capacity of aged skeletal muscle
    Biochemical Pharmacology, 2019
    Examined muscle stem cell activation in aged mice.
  3. Combined nicotinamide N-methyltransferase inhibition and reduced-calorie diet normalizes body composition and enhances metabolic benefits in obese mice
    Scientific Reports, 2021
    Combined NNMT inhibition with reduced-calorie diet in obese mice.
  4. Reduced calorie diet combined with NNMT inhibition establishes a distinct microbiome in DIO mice
    Scientific Reports, 2022
    Examined gut microbiome changes with NNMT inhibition plus diet in mice.

Adipotide

  1. Reversal of obesity by targeted ablation of adipose tissue
    Nature Medicine, 2004
    Reported targeted ablation of adipose vasculature in obese mice.
  2. A peptidomimetic targeting white fat causes weight loss and improved insulin resistance in obese monkeys
    Science Translational Medicine, 2011
    Examined weight and insulin resistance in obese rhesus monkeys.
  3. Rapid and weight-independent improvement of glucose tolerance induced by a peptide designed to elicit apoptosis in adipose tissue endothelium
    Diabetes, 2012
    Measured glucose tolerance changes in treated mice.
  4. A comparative study between nanoparticle-targeted therapeutics and bioconjugates as obesity medication
    Journal of Controlled Release, 2013
    Compared nanoparticle-targeted delivery approaches in an obesity model.

AICAR

  1. Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase increases mitochondrial enzymes in skeletal muscle
    Journal of Applied Physiology, 2000
    Measured mitochondrial enzyme changes in rat skeletal muscle.
  2. The AMP-activated protein kinase activator AICAR does not induce GLUT4 translocation to transverse tubules but stimulates glucose uptake and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases alpha and beta in skeletal muscle
    The FASEB Journal, 2003
    Examined glucose uptake and kinase signaling in skeletal muscle.
  3. Activity of LKB1 and AMPK-related kinases in skeletal muscle: effects of contraction, phenformin, and AICAR
    American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2004
    Measured AMPK-related kinase activity after contraction and AICAR.
  4. AMPK and PPARdelta agonists are exercise mimetics
    Cell, 2008
    Reported exercise-mimetic effects of AMPK and PPARδ agonists in mice.
  5. AMP-activated protein kinase response to contractions and treatment with the AMPK activator AICAR in young adult and old skeletal muscle
    The Journal of Physiology, 2009
    Compared AMPK responses in young and old rat muscle.

AOD-9604

  1. Metabolic studies of a synthetic lipolytic domain (AOD9604) of human growth hormone
    Hormone Research, 2000
    Metabolic studies of the synthetic C-terminal growth hormone fragment.
  2. Increase of fat oxidation and weight loss in obese mice caused by chronic treatment with human growth hormone or a modified C-terminal fragment
    International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders, 2001
    Measured fat oxidation and weight change in obese mice under chronic treatment.
  3. The effects of human GH and its lipolytic fragment (AOD9604) on lipid metabolism following chronic treatment in obese mice and beta(3)-AR knock-out mice
    Endocrinology, 2001
    Examined lipid metabolism in obese and β3-AR knockout mice.
  4. Detection and in vitro metabolism of AOD9604
    Drug Testing and Analysis, 2015
    Analytical study of detection and in vitro metabolism (anti-doping).
  5. Effect of Intra-articular Injection of AOD9604 with or without Hyaluronic Acid in Rabbit Osteoarthritis Model
    Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Science, 2015
    Examined intra-articular injection in a rabbit osteoarthritis model.

ARA-290

  1. ARA290, a peptide derived from the tertiary structure of erythropoietin, produces long-term relief of neuropathic pain: an experimental study in rats and β-common receptor knockout mice
    Anesthesiology, 2011
    Examined neuropathic pain models in rats and knockout mice.
  2. Safety and efficacy of ARA 290 in sarcoidosis patients with symptoms of small fiber neuropathy: a randomized, double-blind pilot study
    Molecular Medicine, 2012
    Randomized double-blind pilot in sarcoidosis small-fiber neuropathy.
  3. ARA 290, a peptide derived from the tertiary structure of erythropoietin, produces long-term relief of neuropathic pain coupled with suppression of the spinal microglia response
    Molecular Pain, 2014
    Examined spinal microglia response in neuropathic pain models.
  4. ARA 290, a nonerythropoietic peptide engineered from erythropoietin, improves metabolic control and neuropathic symptoms in patients with type 2 diabetes
    Molecular Medicine, 2015
    Randomized trial measuring metabolic and neuropathic endpoints in type 2 diabetes.
  5. Erythropoietin-derived peptide ARA290 mediates brain tissue protection through the β-common receptor in mice with cerebral ischemic stroke
    CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics, 2024
    Examined a cerebral ischemia model in mice.

BPC-157

  1. Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157: novel therapy in gastrointestinal tract
    Current Pharmaceutical Design, 2011
    Review of gastrointestinal tract research on the pentadecapeptide.
  2. The promoting effect of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on tendon healing involves tendon outgrowth, cell survival, and cell migration
    Journal of Applied Physiology, 2011
    Examined tendon cell outgrowth, survival, and migration in a healing model.
  3. Gastric pentadecapeptide body protection compound BPC 157 and its role in accelerating musculoskeletal soft tissue healing
    Cell and Tissue Research, 2019
    Review of musculoskeletal soft-tissue healing studies in animal models.
  4. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as a Therapy for the Disable Myotendinous Junctions in Rats
    Biomedicines, 2021
    Examined a myotendinous junction injury model in rats.
  5. Multifunctionality and Possible Medical Application of the BPC 157 Peptide-Literature and Patent Review
    Pharmaceuticals, 2025
    Literature and patent review of reported research applications.

Cagrilintide

  1. Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of concomitant administration of multiple doses of cagrilintide with semaglutide 2.4 mg for weight management: a randomised, controlled, phase 1b trial
    The Lancet, 2021
    Phase 1b trial of cagrilintide co-administered with semaglutide.
  2. Once-weekly cagrilintide for weight management in people with overweight and obesity: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled and active-controlled, dose-finding phase 2 trial
    The Lancet, 2021
    Phase 2 dose-finding trial of once-weekly cagrilintide in overweight/obesity.
  3. Coadministered Cagrilintide and Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity
    The New England Journal of Medicine, 2025
    Phase 3 trial of co-administered cagrilintide and semaglutide in overweight/obesity.
  4. Cagrilintide-Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes
    The New England Journal of Medicine, 2025
    Phase 3 trial of the combination in type 2 diabetes.

Cartalax

  1. Peptide Regulation of Cells Renewal Processes in Kidney Tissue Cultures from Young and Old Animals
    Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2015
    Examined cell renewal in kidney tissue cultures from young and old animals.
  2. Peptide Regulation of Skin Fibroblast Functions during Their Aging In Vitro
    Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2016
    Examined aging skin fibroblast function in vitro.
  3. Effect of short peptides on neuronal differentiation of stem cells
    International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology, 2019
    Examined neuronal differentiation of stem cells with short peptides.
  4. Gene expression in human mesenchymal stem cell aging cultures: modulation by short peptides
    Molecular Biology Reports, 2020
    Examined gene expression in aging mesenchymal stem cell cultures.

CJC-1295

  1. Prolonged stimulation of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I secretion by CJC-1295, a long-acting analog of GH-releasing hormone, in healthy adults
    The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2006
    Measured GH and IGF-I secretion in healthy adults.
  2. Once-daily administration of CJC-1295, a long-acting growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) analog, normalizes growth in the GHRH knockout mouse
    American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2006
    Examined growth normalization in GHRH knockout mice.
  3. Pulsatile secretion of growth hormone (GH) persists during continuous stimulation by CJC-1295, a long-acting GH-releasing hormone analog
    The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2006
    Examined GH pulsatility during continuous stimulation in humans.
  4. Activation of the GH/IGF-1 axis by CJC-1295, a long-acting GHRH analog, results in serum protein profile changes in normal adult subjects
    Growth Hormone & IGF Research, 2009
    Measured serum protein profile changes in adults.

Cortagen

  1. Effect of tetrapeptide cortagen on regeneration of sciatic nerve
    Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2000
    Examined sciatic nerve regeneration in animals.
  2. The delayed effect of cortagen on the restoration of injured nerve function
    Doklady Biological Sciences, 2002
    Examined delayed nerve-function restoration in animals.
  3. Elucidation of the effect of brain cortex tetrapeptide Cortagen on gene expression in mouse heart by microarray
    Neuroendocrinology Letters, 2004
    Microarray gene-expression study in mouse heart.
  4. [Cortexin and cortagen as correcting agents in functional and metabolic disorders in the brain in chronic ischemia]
    Eksperimental'naia i Klinicheskaia Farmakologiia, 2011
    Russian-language study of brain metabolic measures in chronic ischemia.

DIHEXA

  1. Hepatocyte growth factor mimetic protects lateral line hair cells from aminoglycoside exposure
    Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 2015
    Examined protection of lateral-line hair cells in zebrafish.
  2. The Brain Hepatocyte Growth Factor/c-Met Receptor System: A New Target for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease
    Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 2015
    Review of the brain HGF/c-Met system as a research target.
  3. Stem cell, Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor and/or Dihexa to promote limb function recovery in a rat sciatic nerve damage-repair model: Experimental animal studies
    Annals of Medicine and Surgery, 2021
    Examined a nerve damage-repair model in rats with co-treatments.
  4. AngIV-Analog Dihexa Rescues Cognitive Impairment and Recovers Memory in the APP/PS1 Mouse via the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway
    Brain Sciences, 2021
    Examined memory measures in APP/PS1 mice.
  5. Effects of an Angiotensin IV Analog on 3-Nitropropionic Acid-Induced Huntington's Disease-Like Symptoms in Rats
    Journal of Huntington's Disease, 2024
    Examined a Huntington's-like symptom model in rats.

DSIP

  1. The influence of synthetic DSIP (delta-sleep-inducing-peptide) on disturbed human sleep
    Experientia, 1981
    Examined synthetic DSIP administration in humans with disturbed sleep.
  2. Acute and delayed effects of DSIP (delta sleep-inducing peptide) on human sleep behavior
    International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, 1981
    Measured acute and delayed sleep-behavior effects in humans.
  3. Delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP): a review
    Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 1984
    Review of early DSIP literature.
  4. Effects of delta sleep-inducing peptide on sleep of chronic insomniac patients. A double-blind study
    Neuropsychobiology, 1992
    Double-blind study in chronic insomnia patients.
  5. Delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP): a still unresolved riddle
    Journal of Neurochemistry, 2006
    Review questioning the peptide's proposed sleep role.

Epitalon

  1. Epithalon peptide induces telomerase activity and telomere elongation in human somatic cells
    Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2003
    Examined telomerase activity and telomere length in cultured human cells.
  2. Effect of Epitalon on biomarkers of aging, life span and spontaneous tumor incidence in female Swiss-derived SHR mice
    Biogerontology, 2003
    Measured aging biomarkers, lifespan, and tumor incidence in mice.
  3. Peptide promotes overcoming of the division limit in human somatic cell
    Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2004
    Examined cell division limits in human somatic cell culture.
  4. AEDG Peptide (Epitalon) Stimulates Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis during Neurogenesis: Possible Epigenetic Mechanism
    Molecules, 2020
    Examined gene expression and protein synthesis during neurogenesis models.
  5. Overview of Epitalon-Highly Bioactive Pineal Tetrapeptide with Promising Properties
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2025
    Review of published research on the tetrapeptide.

Follistatin-344

  1. Follistatin gene delivery enhances muscle growth and strength in nonhuman primates
    Science Translational Medicine, 2009
    Examined muscle growth after gene delivery in nonhuman primates.
  2. A phase 1/2a follistatin gene therapy trial for becker muscular dystrophy
    Molecular Therapy, 2015
    Phase 1/2a gene therapy trial in Becker muscular dystrophy.
  3. The transgenic expression of human follistatin-344 increases skeletal muscle mass in pigs
    Transgenic Research, 2017
    Examined transgenic expression and muscle mass in pigs.
  4. Detection of black market follistatin 344
    Drug Testing and Analysis, 2019
    Analytical study of black-market products (anti-doping).
  5. Central serous chorioretinopathy associated with high-dose follistatin-344: a retrospective case series
    International Ophthalmology, 2020
    Case series of chorioretinopathy associated with high-dose use.

FOXO4-DRI

  1. Targeted Apoptosis of Senescent Cells Restores Tissue Homeostasis in Response to Chemotoxicity and Aging
    Cell, 2017
    Examined senescent cell apoptosis and tissue homeostasis in mice.
  2. Senolytic Peptide FOXO4-DRI Selectively Removes Senescent Cells From in vitro Expanded Human Chondrocytes
    Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 2021
    Examined senescent cell removal in expanded human chondrocyte cultures.
  3. Molecular modelling of the FOXO4-TP53 interaction to design senolytic peptides for the elimination of senescent cancer cells
    EBioMedicine, 2021
    Molecular modelling of the FOXO4-p53 interaction for senolytic peptide design.
  4. The disordered p53 transactivation domain is the target of FOXO4 and the senolytic compound FOXO4-DRI
    Nature Communications, 2025
    Structural study of the p53 transactivation domain interaction.
  5. FOXO4-DRI regulates endothelial cell senescence via the P53 signaling pathway
    Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 2026
    Examined endothelial cell senescence via p53 signaling in vitro.

GHK-Cu

  1. Effects of topical copper tripeptide complex on CO2 laser-resurfaced skin
    Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery, 2006
    Randomized trial of topical copper tripeptide after CO2 laser resurfacing.
  2. GHK Peptide as a Natural Modulator of Multiple Cellular Pathways in Skin Regeneration
    BioMed Research International, 2015
    Review of cellular pathway modulation in skin regeneration research.
  3. Regenerative and Protective Actions of the GHK-Cu Peptide in the Light of the New Gene Data
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2018
    Review of gene-profile data on regenerative and protective actions.
  4. The potential of GHK as an anti-aging peptide
    Aging Pathobiology and Therapeutics, 2020
    Review of aging-related research.
  5. Synergy of GHK-Cu and hyaluronic acid on collagen IV upregulation via fibroblast and ex-vivo skin tests
    Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 2023
    Examined collagen IV expression in fibroblast and ex vivo skin tests.

Glutathione

  1. Effects of oral glutathione supplementation on systemic oxidative stress biomarkers in human volunteers
    Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 2011
    Randomized trial measuring oxidative stress biomarkers in volunteers.
  2. Randomized controlled trial of oral glutathione supplementation on body stores of glutathione
    European Journal of Nutrition, 2015
    Randomized controlled trial of oral supplementation on body stores.
  3. Oral supplementation with liposomal glutathione elevates body stores of glutathione and markers of immune function
    European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2018
    Examined liposomal supplementation, stores, and immune markers.
  4. The effects of 3 weeks of oral glutathione supplementation on whole body insulin sensitivity in obese males with and without type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial
    Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 2021
    Randomized trial on insulin sensitivity in obese males.
  5. Effect of long-term oral glutathione supplementation on gut microbiome of type 2 diabetic individuals
    FEMS Microbiology Letters, 2023
    Examined gut microbiome under long-term supplementation in type 2 diabetes.

Hexarelin

  1. Acute cardiovascular and hormonal effects of GH and hexarelin, a synthetic GH-releasing peptide, in humans
    Journal of Endocrinological Investigation, 1999
    Measured acute cardiovascular and hormonal effects in humans.
  2. Cardiac effects of hexarelin in hypopituitary adults
    European Journal of Pharmacology, 1999
    Examined cardiac measures in hypopituitary adults.
  3. Effects of acute hexarelin administration on cardiac performance in patients with coronary artery disease during by-pass surgery
    European Journal of Pharmacology, 2002
    Examined cardiac performance during bypass surgery.
  4. The cardiovascular action of hexarelin
    Journal of Geriatric Cardiology, 2014
    Review of cardiovascular research.

IGF-1 LR3

  1. Long R3 insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) infusion stimulates organ growth but reduces plasma IGF-I, IGF-II and IGF binding protein concentrations in the guinea pig
    The Journal of Endocrinology, 1995
    Examined organ growth and IGF-binding protein changes in guinea pigs.
  2. Porcine growth hormone and LongR(3)IGF-I can improve recovery from surgery-induced weight loss in guinea pigs
    General and Comparative Endocrinology, 2001
    Examined post-surgical weight recovery in guinea pigs.
  3. Short-term infusion of LongR(3) insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I decreases hepatic IGF-I mRNA but not IGF binding protein-3 mRNA expression in pigs
    General and Comparative Endocrinology, 2002
    Measured hepatic IGF-I mRNA expression in pigs.
  4. Determination of LongR3-IGF-I, R3-IGF-I, Des1-3 IGF-I and their metabolites in human plasma samples by means of LC-MS
    Growth Hormone & IGF Research, 2017
    Analytical LC-MS method for detection in human plasma (anti-doping).

Ipamorelin

  1. Ipamorelin, the first selective growth hormone secretagogue
    European Journal of Endocrinology, 1998
    Characterized receptor selectivity of the growth hormone secretagogue.
  2. Ipamorelin, a new growth-hormone-releasing peptide, induces longitudinal bone growth in rats
    Growth Hormone & IGF Research, 1999
    Examined longitudinal bone growth in rats.
  3. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of ipamorelin, a growth hormone releasing peptide, in human volunteers
    Pharmaceutical Research, 1999
    Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling in human volunteers.
  4. The growth hormone secretagogue ipamorelin counteracts glucocorticoid-induced decrease in bone formation of adult rats
    Growth Hormone & IGF Research, 2001
    Examined glucocorticoid-related bone formation changes in rats.

Kisspeptin-10

  1. Kisspeptin-10 is a potent stimulator of LH and increases pulse frequency in men
    The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2011
    Measured LH secretion and pulse frequency in men.
  2. The effects of kisspeptin-10 on reproductive hormone release show sexual dimorphism in humans
    The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2011
    Examined sex differences in reproductive hormone release.
  3. Kisspeptin-10 stimulation of gonadotrophin secretion in women is modulated by sex steroid feedback
    Human Reproduction, 2012
    Examined gonadotrophin stimulation and sex-steroid feedback in women.
  4. Direct comparison of the effects of intravenous kisspeptin-10, kisspeptin-54 and GnRH on gonadotrophin secretion in healthy men
    Human Reproduction, 2015
    Compared kisspeptin-10, kisspeptin-54, and GnRH in healthy men.
  5. Chronic Subcutaneous Kisspeptin-10 Stimulates Gonadotropin Secretion for 12 Days in Healthy Men
    European Journal of Endocrinology, 2026
    Examined 12-day subcutaneous administration in healthy men.

KPV

  1. Antimicrobial effects of alpha-MSH peptides
    Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 2000
    Examined antimicrobial activity of α-MSH-derived peptides in vitro.
  2. Dissection of the anti-inflammatory effect of the core and C-terminal (KPV) alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone peptides
    The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2003
    Dissected anti-inflammatory activity of α-MSH core and C-terminal peptides.
  3. PepT1-mediated tripeptide KPV uptake reduces intestinal inflammation
    Gastroenterology, 2008
    Examined PepT1-mediated uptake in intestinal inflammation models.
  4. Melanocortin-derived tripeptide KPV has anti-inflammatory potential in murine models of inflammatory bowel disease
    Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 2008
    Examined murine inflammatory bowel disease models.

L-Carnitine

  1. L-Carnitine supplementation combined with aerobic training does not promote weight loss in moderately obese women
    International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 2000
    Randomized trial of supplementation plus aerobic training in obese women.
  2. Carbohydrate ingestion augments L-carnitine retention in humans
    Journal of Applied Physiology, 2007
    Examined carbohydrate co-ingestion and carnitine retention in humans.
  3. Chronic oral ingestion of L-carnitine and carbohydrate increases muscle carnitine content and alters muscle fuel metabolism during exercise in humans
    The Journal of Physiology, 2011
    Measured muscle carnitine content and fuel metabolism during exercise.
  4. Effects of l-carnitine supplementation on weight loss and body composition: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 37 randomized controlled clinical trials with dose-response analysis
    Clinical Nutrition ESPEN, 2020
    Meta-analysis of 37 randomized trials on weight and body composition.
  5. Increasing skeletal muscle carnitine content in older individuals increases whole-body fat oxidation during moderate-intensity exercise
    Aging Cell, 2021
    Examined muscle carnitine loading and fat oxidation in older adults.

Livagen

  1. Effects of Livagen peptide on chromatin activation in lymphocytes from old people
    Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2002
    Examined chromatin activation in lymphocytes from elderly donors.
  2. [Functional morphology of an organotypic liver culture exposed to the peptide livagen]
    Advances in Gerontology, 2002
    Russian-language organotypic liver culture study.
  3. [Effect of new peptide bioregulators livagen and epitalon on enkephalin-degrading enzymes in human serum]
    Izvestiia Akademii Nauk. Seriia Biologicheskaia, 2003
    Russian-language study of enkephalin-degrading enzymes in serum.
  4. [Effect of peptide Livagen on activity of digestive enzymes in gastrointestinal tract and non-digestive organs in rats of different ages]
    Advances in Gerontology, 2005
    Russian-language study of digestive enzyme activity in rats.
  5. [Variability of radiation-induced adaptive response in old age individuals and their correction by Peptide bioregulator -Livagen]
    Georgian Medical News, 2007
    Russian-language study of radiation-induced adaptive response in older adults.

LL-37

  1. The antimicrobial peptide LL-37 modulates the inflammatory and host defense response of human neutrophils
    European Journal of Immunology, 2010
    Examined neutrophil inflammatory and host-defense responses in vitro.
  2. The Human Cathelicidin Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37 as a Potential Treatment for Polymicrobial Infected Wounds
    Frontiers in Immunology, 2013
    Examined polymicrobial infected wound models.
  3. Treatment with LL-37 is safe and effective in enhancing healing of hard-to-heal venous leg ulcers: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial
    Wound Repair and Regeneration, 2014
    Randomized placebo-controlled trial in venous leg ulcers.
  4. Antimicrobial cathelicidin peptide LL-37 inhibits the pyroptosis of macrophages and improves the survival of polybacterial septic mice
    International Immunology, 2016
    Examined macrophage pyroptosis and survival in septic mice.
  5. Therapeutic Potential of Cathelicidin Peptide LL-37, an Antimicrobial Agent, in a Murine Sepsis Model
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2020
    Examined a murine sepsis model.

Melanotan I

  1. Skin pigmentation and pharmacokinetics of melanotan-I in humans
    Biopharmaceutics & Drug Disposition, 1997
    Measured skin pigmentation and pharmacokinetics in humans.
  2. Discovery and development of novel melanogenic drugs. Melanotan-I and -II
    Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 1998
    Review of the development of melanogenic peptides.
  3. Afamelanotide for Erythropoietic Protoporphyria
    The New England Journal of Medicine, 2015
    Randomized trials of afamelanotide in erythropoietic protoporphyria.
  4. Afamelanotide: A Review in Erythropoietic Protoporphyria
    American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 2016
    Review of clinical use in erythropoietic protoporphyria.
  5. Afamelanotide Is Associated with Dose-Dependent Protective Effect from Liver Damage Related to Erythropoietic Protoporphyria
    Life, 2023
    Examined liver measures under afamelanotide in protoporphyria patients.

Melanotan II

  1. Evaluation of melanotan-II, a superpotent cyclic melanotropic peptide in a pilot phase-I clinical study
    Life Sciences, 1996
    Pilot phase 1 clinical study of the cyclic melanotropic peptide.
  2. Melanotan II injection resulting in systemic toxicity and rhabdomyolysis
    Clinical Toxicology, 2012
    Case report of systemic toxicity and rhabdomyolysis.
  3. Melanotan II: a possible cause of renal infarction: review of the literature and case report
    CEN Case Reports, 2020
    Case report and literature review of renal infarction.
  4. Melanotan II User Experience: A Qualitative Study of Online Discussion Forums
    Dermatology, 2021
    Qualitative study of user discussions in online forums.
  5. Melanotan-II reverses memory impairment induced by a short-term HF diet
    Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 2023
    Examined memory measures in a rodent high-fat-diet model.

MOTS-C

  1. The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c promotes metabolic homeostasis and reduces obesity and insulin resistance
    Cell Metabolism, 2015
    Characterized the mitochondrial-derived peptide's metabolic effects in mice.
  2. MOTS-c: A novel mitochondrial-derived peptide regulating muscle and fat metabolism
    Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 2016
    Review of muscle and fat metabolism research.
  3. MOTS-c is an exercise-induced mitochondrial-encoded regulator of age-dependent physical decline and muscle homeostasis
    Nature Communications, 2021
    Examined exercise induction and age-related decline in mice and humans.
  4. The Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide MOTS-c May Refine Mortality and Cardiovascular Risk Prediction in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients: A Multicenter Cohort Study
    Blood Purification, 2024
    Observational cohort of circulating levels and outcomes in hemodialysis patients.

NAD+

  1. Nicotinamide riboside is uniquely and orally bioavailable in mice and humans
    Nature Communications, 2016
    Examined oral bioavailability of nicotinamide riboside in mice and humans.
  2. A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial of nicotinamide riboside in obese men: safety, insulin-sensitivity, and lipid-mobilizing effects
    The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2018
    Randomized placebo-controlled nicotinamide riboside trial in obese men.
  3. Nicotinamide Riboside Augments the Aged Human Skeletal Muscle NAD+ Metabolome and Induces Transcriptomic and Anti-inflammatory Signatures
    Cell Reports, 2019
    Examined skeletal muscle NAD+ metabolome in aged humans.
  4. Nicotinamide mononucleotide increases muscle insulin sensitivity in prediabetic women
    Science, 2021
    Randomized NMN trial measuring muscle insulin sensitivity in prediabetic women.
  5. The NADPARK study: A randomized phase I trial of nicotinamide riboside supplementation in Parkinson's disease
    Cell Metabolism, 2022
    Randomized phase 1 nicotinamide riboside trial in Parkinson's disease.

Oxytocin

  1. Social support and oxytocin interact to suppress cortisol and subjective responses to psychosocial stress
    Biological Psychiatry, 2003
    Measured cortisol and stress responses with social support.
  2. Oxytocin increases trust in humans
    Nature, 2005
    Behavioral economics study of trust in humans.
  3. Oxytocin improves "mind-reading" in humans
    Biological Psychiatry, 2007
    Examined social-cognition task performance.
  4. Oxytocin shapes the neural circuitry of trust and trust adaptation in humans
    Neuron, 2008
    Neuroimaging study of trust behavior.
  5. Social evolution. Oxytocin-gaze positive loop and the coevolution of human-dog bonds
    Science, 2015
    Examined gaze and oxytocin dynamics in human-dog interaction.

Pinealon

  1. Pinealon increases cell viability by suppression of free radical levels and activating proliferative processes
    Rejuvenation Research, 2011
    Examined cell viability and free radical levels in vitro.
  2. Pinealon protects the rat offspring from prenatal hyperhomocysteinemia
    International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 2012
    Examined a prenatal hyperhomocysteinemia model in rat offspring.
  3. [Regulation of content of cytokines in blood serum and of caspase-3 activity in brains of old rats in model of sharp hypoxic hypoxia with Cortexin and Pinealon]
    Advances in Gerontology, 2014
    Russian-language study of cytokines and caspase-3 in hypoxia in old rats.
  4. [Pinealon and Cortexin influence on behavior and neurochemical processes in 18-month aged rats within hypoxia and hypothermia]
    Advances in Gerontology, 2015
    Russian-language behavior and neurochemistry study in aged rats.
  5. EDR Peptide: Possible Mechanism of Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis Regulation Involved in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease
    Molecules, 2020
    Examined gene expression and protein synthesis in neurodegeneration models.

PT-141

  1. An effect on the subjective sexual response in premenopausal women with sexual arousal disorder by bremelanotide (PT-141), a melanocortin receptor agonist
    The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 2006
    Measured subjective sexual response in premenopausal women.
  2. Bremelanotide for the Treatment of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: Two Randomized Phase 3 Trials
    Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2019
    Two randomized phase 3 trials (RECONNECT) in hypoactive sexual desire disorder.
  3. Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Bremelanotide for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder
    Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2019
    Open-label extension examining long-term safety.
  4. Prespecified and Integrated Subgroup Analyses from the RECONNECT Phase 3 Studies of Bremelanotide
    Journal of Women's Health, 2022
    Subgroup analyses from the RECONNECT phase 3 program.

GLP3-RT

  1. LY3437943, a novel triple glucagon, GIP, and GLP-1 receptor agonist for glycemic control and weight loss: From discovery to clinical proof of concept
    Cell Metabolism, 2022
    Reported preclinical characterization and first-in-human single-dose data for the triple receptor agonist.
  2. LY3437943, a novel triple GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptor agonist in people with type 2 diabetes: a phase 1b, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, multiple-ascending dose trial
    The Lancet, 2022
    Phase 1b multiple-ascending-dose trial in people with type 2 diabetes.

Selank

  1. Expression of inflammation-related genes in mouse spleen under tuftsin analog Selank
    Regulatory Peptides, 2011
    Examined inflammation-related gene expression in mouse spleen.
  2. [Optimization of the treatment of anxiety disorders with selank]
    Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova, 2015
    Russian-language randomized study in anxiety disorders.
  3. Selank Administration Affects the Expression of Some Genes Involved in GABAergic Neurotransmission
    Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2016
    Examined GABAergic neurotransmission gene expression.
  4. Peptide Selank Enhances the Effect of Diazepam in Reducing Anxiety in Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Conditions in Rats
    Behavioural Neurology, 2017
    Examined combined administration with diazepam in stressed rats.
  5. Selank, Peptide Analogue of Tuftsin, Protects Against Ethanol-Induced Memory Impairment by Regulating of BDNF Content in the Hippocampus and Prefrontal Cortex in Rats
    Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2019
    Examined ethanol-related memory measures and BDNF in rats.

Semax

  1. The neuroprotective effects of Semax in conditions of MPTP-induced lesions of the brain dopaminergic system
    Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology, 2004
    Examined an MPTP-lesion model of the dopaminergic system.
  2. Semax, an ACTH(4-10) analogue with nootropic properties, activates dopaminergic and serotoninergic brain systems in rodents
    Neurochemical Research, 2005
    Examined dopaminergic and serotonergic activity in rodents.
  3. Semax, an analog of ACTH(4-10) with cognitive effects, regulates BDNF and trkB expression in the rat hippocampus
    Brain Research, 2006
    Measured BDNF and trkB expression in rat hippocampus.
  4. The peptide semax affects the expression of genes related to the immune and vascular systems in rat brain focal ischemia: genome-wide transcriptional analysis
    BMC Genomics, 2014
    Genome-wide transcriptional analysis in rat focal ischemia.
  5. [The efficacy of semax in the tretament of patients at different stages of ischemic stroke]
    Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova, 2018
    Russian-language clinical study in ischemic stroke patients.

SLU-PP-332

  1. Synthetic ERRα/β/γ Agonist Induces an ERRα-Dependent Acute Aerobic Exercise Response and Enhances Exercise Capacity
    ACS Chemical Biology, 2023
    Characterized ERR agonism and exercise-response signaling in mice.
  2. Estrogen-Related Receptor Agonism Reverses Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Inflammation in the Aging Kidney
    The American Journal of Pathology, 2023
    Examined mitochondrial function and inflammation in aging kidney models.
  3. Novel Pan-ERR Agonists Ameliorate Heart Failure Through Enhancing Cardiac Fatty Acid Metabolism and Mitochondrial Function
    Circulation, 2024
    Examined cardiac metabolism in heart failure models.
  4. A Synthetic ERR Agonist Alleviates Metabolic Syndrome
    Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2024
    Examined metabolic syndrome measures in rodent models.
  5. Targeting ERRs to counteract age-related muscle atrophy associated with physical inactivity: a pilot study
    Frontiers in Physiology, 2025
    Pilot study on muscle atrophy related to physical inactivity.

SNAP-8

  1. Efficacy of bioactive peptides loaded on hyaluronic acid microneedle patches: A monocentric clinical study
    Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 2020
    Clinical study of multi-peptide hyaluronic acid microneedle patches.
  2. Clinical Safety and Efficacy Evaluation of a Dissolving Microneedle Patch Having Dual Anti-Wrinkle Effects With Safe and Long-Term Activities
    Annals of Dermatology, 2024
    Clinical evaluation of a multi-ingredient dissolving microneedle patch.

TB-500

  1. Thymosin beta4 accelerates wound healing
    The Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 1999
    Examined topical and systemic administration in rodent wound models.
  2. Thymosin beta4 enhances repair by organizing connective tissue and preventing the appearance of myofibroblasts
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2010
    Examined connective tissue organization and myofibroblast appearance in wounds.
  3. Thymosin β4: a multi-functional regenerative peptide. Basic properties and clinical applications
    Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2012
    Review of basic properties and clinical research programs.
  4. Thymosin β4: A Multi-Faceted Tissue Repair Stimulating Protein in Heart Injury
    Current Medicinal Chemistry, 2020
    Review of cardiac injury research.
  5. Thymosin beta-4 denotes new directions towards developing prosperous anti-aging regenerative therapies
    International Immunopharmacology, 2023
    Review of regenerative research directions.

Tesamorelin

  1. Effects of tesamorelin, a growth hormone-releasing factor, in HIV-infected patients with abdominal fat accumulation: a randomized placebo-controlled trial with a safety extension
    Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 2010
    Randomized placebo-controlled trial in HIV-associated abdominal fat accumulation.
  2. Reduction in visceral adiposity is associated with an improved metabolic profile in HIV-infected patients receiving tesamorelin
    Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2012
    Examined metabolic profile alongside visceral fat changes in HIV patients.
  3. Effect of tesamorelin on visceral fat and liver fat in HIV-infected patients with abdominal fat accumulation: a randomized clinical trial
    JAMA, 2014
    Randomized trial measuring visceral and liver fat in HIV.
  4. Visceral fat reduction with tesamorelin is associated with improved liver enzymes in HIV
    AIDS, 2017
    Examined liver enzymes alongside visceral fat reduction in HIV.

Thymosin Alpha-1

  1. The efficacy and safety of thymosin alpha-1 in Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis B; results from a randomized clinical trial
    Journal of Viral Hepatitis, 2005
    Randomized clinical trial in chronic hepatitis B.
  2. The efficacy of thymosin alpha 1 for severe sepsis (ETASS): a multicenter, single-blind, randomized and controlled trial
    Critical Care, 2013
    Multicenter randomized trial in severe sepsis (ETASS).
  3. Immune enhancement in patients with predicted severe acute necrotising pancreatitis: a multicentre double-blind randomised controlled trial
    Intensive Care Medicine, 2022
    Multicentre double-blind randomized trial in acute necrotising pancreatitis.
  4. A Pilot Trial of Thymalfasin (Thymosin-α-1) to Treat Hospitalized Patients With Hypoxemia and Lymphocytopenia Due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection
    The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2023
    Pilot trial in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
  5. The efficacy and safety of thymosin α1 for sepsis (TESTS): multicentre, double blinded, randomised, placebo controlled, phase 3 trial
    BMJ, 2025
    Phase 3 randomized placebo-controlled sepsis trial (TESTS).